As long as the chemical enterprise is among the largest energy consumers of the economy, there is an imperative to ensure that the energy consumed is renewable and carbon-free. The options are becoming plentiful with solar and wind becoming a larger share of the energy grid. However, it must be recognized that all current sources of energy are not created equal in terms of being able to be applied to manufacturing processes of all chemicals. There will be needed advances in realizing renewable energy systems that can deliver the kind of scale and quality demanded for chemical processing, refining, and distillation.