Analysis of the air, water, and land to detect pollution was historically conducted with field sampling protocols that require extensive effort to be brought to a laboratory where extensive work-up generated large volumes of solvents and waste. The processes of measurement and analysis of an environmental problem often contributed to other environmental problems. With the use of real-time, in-field analysis the necessary measurements can be taken without the wasted time, material and energy. This “green analytical chemistry” has been extended to a wide-range of analytical techniques beyond environment analysis reducing the quantity of materials needed and waste generated.